This modern turbine is characterized by high efficiency in a broad band of flow rates. Hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. In 19, an austrian professor viktor kaplan who developed this turbine combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. The vertical configuration of the kaplan turbine allows for larger runner diameters above 10 m and increased unit power, as compared to bulb turbines.
It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Like kaplan turbine, the francis is a reaction machine. In francis turbine, water enters the runner vanes radially and leaves axially hence it is called a mixed flow turbine. In francis turbine, water enters the runner vanes radially and leaves axially hence it can be referred to as mixed flow turbine. They are the most common types of turbines that are used in the modern power plants. Francis turbines and kaplan turbines have different flow patterns in the runner region. In francis turbine, the number of blades in the runner is generally between 16 and 24. Kaplan turbine is designed to accommodate the required large flow rates. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation.
Francis turbine is radial flow turbine but in case of modern francis turbine water enters radially and leaves the turbine axially which is called as mixed flow turbine. The specific speed of kaplan lies in the range of 400 to 1500 so that the speed of the rotor is much higher than that of francis turbine for the same output and head or kaplan turbine having the same size as francis develops more power under the same head and flow quantity. Francis initiative when he saw miserable condition in textile industry machines. Francis turbine is a mixed hydraulic turbine the inlet velocity has radial and tangential components while the kaplan turbine is an axial hydraulic turbine the inlet velocity has only axial velocity component. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. The turbine efficiency curve calculation is based on rated head design gross head less. The draft tube is used so that the turbine does not need to be where the water flow is. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. Pumps, turbines, and pipe networks, part 2 ch 11 young. Francis type units cover a wide head range, from 20 to 700 m and their output varies from a few kilowatts 200 megawatt. With a double regulation system, kaplan turbines provide high efficiency over a broad range of configurations. Mar 10, 2019 the kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. The francis turbine is the most common water turbine used in today. The rotation speed rpm is higher than that of the francis turbine.
May 06, 2017 hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. Assessing hydraulic conditions through francis turbines. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. Kaplan vs francis turbine water, sempre em movimento, carrega energia com ele.
Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. Except the alignment of the blades the construction of the kaplan turbine is very much similar to that of the francis turbine. Pelton wheel is the example of impulse turbine whereas francis turbine, kaplan turbine etc. The overall path of flow of water through the kaplan turbine is from radial at the entrance to axial at the exit. Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water. Francis turbine cost the relationship between the costs of kaplan type turbines c f and a flow rate q in m 3 s indicated three different bands. The disposition of shaft is always in vertical direction because it is axial flow turbine. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare the. On the other hand francis and kaplan turbines are reacti. The kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Andritz hydro provides a wide variety of different turbine types from pelton turbines for high head applications and large output over francis turbines for the medium net head range and large output up to 800 mw per unit to kaplan turbines for low head operation with small unit output.
If you have any query related to this article than comment us. Most of the equations presented for the francis turbine also apply to the kaplan or propeller turbine, apart from the treatment of the runner. This is all about todays lesson, i hope you have cleared all of your doubts on francis turbine, do let me. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference.
France turbine is radially in ward or mixed flow turbine kaplan turbine is partially axial floe. Turbin adalah mesin yang direka untuk menangkap tenaga dari. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine turbine machines. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. Francis turbine and the kaplan turbine are two types of reaction turbines used in hydro power plants for driving the generator. Dar, abia in secolul al xixlea, inginerii au dezvoltat ma. The kaplan turbine runner has 38 blades while francis turbine runner has 1525 blades in general.
Turbine types can be classified by their specific speed, n, which. Kaplan turbine was developed by the austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19. The kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine with 4 to 7 adjustable blades. Classification of hydraulic turbines rmd 2501 hydraulic turbines are generally classified as impulseturbineimpulse turbine peltonturgoturbinepelton, turgo turbine reaction turbine francis, kaplan and propeller turbine based on flow direction, they are further classified as. A kaplan turbine is basically a propeller with adjustable blades inside a tube. The three francis turbines had higher percentage of severe events, especially severe shear events, in the runner region than the aht kaplan turbine, suggesting that the flow might be more turbulent in the francis turbines than in the aht kaplan turbine. Both of these turbines produce power rather efficiently. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan.
Our kaplan turbines also keep the environment in mind. Optimizing kaplan turbine efficiency with minimal cost. The disposition of shaft maybe vertical or horizontal as per. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Pelton turbine propellers francis and kaplan banki. With about 60% of the global hydropower capacity in the world, francis turbines are the most widely used type of hydro turbine. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used. Kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8 adjustment of runner vanes. Initial turbine selection is usually based on the ratio of design variables known as the power specific speed.
Jun 08, 2018 francis turbine is radial flow turbine but in case of modern francis turbine water enters radially and leaves the turbine axially which is called as mixed flow turbine. It is an axialflow turbine, which means that the flow direction does not change as it crosses the rotor. Difference between francis and kaplan turbine pdf 23. Worlds third largest kaplan turbine to be installed at a brazilian hydropower plant in 2014, andritz hydro was subcontracted by construtora triunfo sa, an experienced company in implementing power generation projects, to supply the electromechanical equipment for the sinop hydropower plant in brazil. In kaplan turbine, servomotors are located inside hollow shaft of turbine runner. Francis turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 4 to 8 4. This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead installations less than10 m where they are generally in water chamber, ie without scrollcase.
Kaplan turbine is a propeller type reaction turbine. In kaplan turbine, water enters and leaves the turbine runner vane in axial direction. Propellertype kaplan turbine is a fixedblade kaplan turbine, which can be installed where small variation of flow through the turbine is expected and, in particular, on hydropower plants equipped with 4 or more units of the same type. Kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8. Kaplan turbine is smaller and compact when compared to francis turbine. Adjustment of runner vanes francis turbine runner vanes are fixed with the shaft so it cant be adjusted. Kaplan turbine disposition of shaft is only in vertical direction number of vanes france turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of. The angle of the blades is controlled by an oilpressure operated servomotor, usually mounted in the rotor hub with the oil fed.
The kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Jahrhundert entwickelten ingenieure maschinen, um diese energie effizient einzusetzen. It was named after james bicheno francis 18151892, the american engineer who invented the apparatus in 1849. The runner blades in the kaplan turbine are less in number as the blades are twisted and covers a larger circumference. Manusia sentiasa tertanyatanya dengan kuasa yang luar biasa dan sering menggunakan kuasa. Kaplan turbine has a higher efficiency than francis turbine. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the. The size of francis turbine is relatively large when compared to kaplan turbine. Francis turbine, pelton turbine, kaplan tubular turbine. What is difference between kaplan turbine and propeller. Turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed.
Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical. Mar 24, 2014 difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. The number of blades in the runner is generally between 16 and 24. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. The degree of efficiency is very high with more than 95 %. Difference between propeller turbine and kaplan turbine with reference to their runner blades.
The draft tube is used so that the turbine does not need to be where the water flow is lowest. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis. Francis and kaplan both the turbines come under category of reaction turbine i. The andritz hydro kaplan turbine is utilized on a low head application with up to 90 m and a unit output of up to more than 230 mw. On the other hand francis turbine was evolved by englishman james b. Stype tubular turbine is available in versions of horizontal kaplan, semikaplan and propeller, also called stype horizontal kaplan, stype semikaplan and stype propeller. In kaplan turbine, the number of blades in the runner is generally between 3 and 8. S type kaplan turbinechongqing hydropower equipment. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled. Austrian engineer viktor kaplan 18761934 invented this turbine. You will find the heliciel site, a method of minihydropower plant design, complete, allowing the design and performance estimation and dimensional parameters of the propeller or kaplan turbine, from guide vanes to draft tube.
The evolution consisted of the change in the inlet flow mainly. Ge has successfully completed numerous installations of francis turbines with outputs up to 800 mw, including one of the largest francis turbines ever made each with a runner diameter of 10 meters and. May, 2016 the kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. It is also called as propeller turbine and evolved from the francis turbine. Kaplan turbine is more compact in crosssection and has lower rotational speed to that of francis turbine. Semikaplan turbine is a kaplantype turbine with fixed guide vanes. This method of detailed design, is followed by a complete tutorial for the 3d modeling of the turbine blades, and. Turbine turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed. In kaplan turbine, the water flows axially in and axially out while in francis turbine it is radially in and axially out. The type of turbine is entered by the user based on its suitability to the available head and flow conditions. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare.
Optimizing kaplan turbine efficiency with minimal cost, effort, and time. Kaplan turbine is axial flow turbine since water enters axially and. In both the cases hydraulic energy of water gets converted into useful power output. Its similar to the propeller turbine, except that its blades are adjustable. Kaplan turbine is smaller and compact compared to francis turbine. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine.
Differences between francis and kaplan turbines mech4study. In such a kaplan turbine each blade can be swiveled about a post at right angles to the main turbine shaft, thus producing a variable pitch. France turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and hence a turbine was required to convert the energy at low pressure. Assessing hydraulic conditions through francis turbines using. The inlet guidevanes can be opened and closed to regulate the amount of flow that can pass through the turbine.